Informatics Publishing Limited

Deepali Chadha ¹, GirdhariLal Meena ¹, Nikita ¹, Vikalp Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, MPUAT, Udaipur-303001, IN

Abstract

Objectives: To make analysis of the changes in fertilizer consumption over time as well as across the different regions in the state of Rajasthan in India.

Methods: The present investigation pertaining to the spatial and temporal variations of fertilizer consumption in Rajasthan was conducted in the year 2017-18. In this study, district wise data were collected on fertilizer consumption for the state of Rajasthan from the period 1967-68 to 2014-15 and was classified under the 10 agro-climatic zones of Rajasthan. For the purpose of analysis, the study was divided into two periods; Post-green revolution period (1967-68 to 1990-91) and Post-reform period (1991-92 to 2014-15). The Post-green revolution period (1967-68 to 1990-91) has been further divided into two sub-phases: Post-green revolution- Phase I (1967-68 to 1980-81) and Post-green revolution- Phase II (1981-82 to 1990-91). The study has been conducted for four different periods’ viz., period I (1967-68), period II (1980-81), period III (1991-92) and period IV (2014-15).

Findings: The results of present study indicated that that the overall increase in fertilizer consumption in 2014-15 over 1967-68 was 5314.41% in Rajasthan. The highest per cent change in overall fertilizer consumption was found in zone IC and lowest in zoneIIB. Further, on gross cropped area basis, the fertilizer consumption had increased from 1.44 Kg/ha in 1967-68 to 53.60 Kg/ha in 2014-15 in Rajasthan. Moreover, it was observed that Zone V had the maximum fertilizer use and Zone IA had lowest fertilizer use during all different points of the study period. The coefficient of variation for the state as a whole was 48.59% during the period 1967-68 to 1980-81 which decreased to 24.16% during 1991-92 to 2014-15. The value of coefficient of variation for the overall study period was 73.51% for the state.

Application: Keeping in view the widely growing concerns regarding the soil health due to over application of fertilizers makes it worthwhile to have a study of spatial and temporal changes in the fertilizer consumption pattern in order to optimize their use for balanced agricultural production. 

Keywords

Fertilizer Consumption, Post-Green Revolution, Post-Reform Period, Fertilizer Intensity.

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Smita Sunil Gawade ¹, Nikita ¹, Varsha ¹, Geetanjali ¹, Mamata ¹, Vaishali ¹

Affiliations
1 Tulasi Angan, B-307, Puma Nagar, Chichwad, Pune 411019, IN

Abstract

One of the greatest challenges faced by the modern world is Diabetes mellitus (DM). The physical, social and economic factors involved in the management of diabetes are a continuous strain for the health sector and the government agencies. It is expected that approximately 366 million people will be affected by Diabetes Mellitus by the year 20301. Due to the increased number of people with Diabetes Mellitus using insulin in recent years, more emphasis should be given to the standardization and improvement of insulin administration technique, focusing on properly teaching this technique so that people become aware of their responsibility and make less mistakes during insulin administration. In patients with diabetes, physicians are often concerned about increasing functional limitations that may impede a successful self-management. In particular, the correct handling of the insulin injection requires complex self-management abilities. Among these functional limitations, loss of visual acuity, loss of manual abilities and cognitive decline are of most importance. Considering all this it is decided to undertake study to assess the factors hindering in self insulin administration among diabetic individuals. A descriptive research design and purposive sampling technique was used. Sample size was 100. Structured checklist was used to assess demographic data, factors such as physical, cognitive, environmental, economic, emotional. Findings of the study shows that 61% are suffering with pain and 46% with bleeding due to injection. 54% samples are unaware about rotation of injection site and 48% samples are unaware about insulin drug temperature. 32% samples have skipped insulin due to more workload at workplace and 28% due to travelling. Majority 45% samples cannot afford new syringe, pen and needle tip for every injection. Comparison of factors hindering self insulin administration among temporary and permanent users shows that temporary users, 43.8% have injection loading difficulties and 63% have injection carrying difficulties where as more number of (50%) permanent users have experienced skin color changes at the site of injection. More number of temporary users fearful, anxious, embarrass and felt overburden for family because of insulin administration and have skipped insulin due to more workload and travelling than permanent users. The finding of the study will be helpful to create awareness related to safe self insulin administration practices by means of modern education technology.

Keywords

Observed Structured Clinical Evaluation, Community Health Nursing Practices, Community Health Nursing, Student's Evaluation.

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Nikita ¹, Arun Kumar Sud ², Pradeep Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, IN
2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kangra (HP), CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

The studies were conducted under in-vivo conditions to see the effect of weather parameters (temperature and relative humidity) and different components of casing materials on wet bubble disease of white button mushroom. The results showed AUDPC and rate of disease increase (r) as 375.09 and 0.61 respectively. Simple correlation showed negative correlation between disease incidence with mean temperature (-0.311) and also negative with RH (-0.097) whereas, multiple correlation coefficient between disease incidence with mean temperature and mean relative humidity were not significant. Regression equation i.e. Y = 111.45 - 17.7X₁ +3.30X₂ obtained showed that prevailing mean temperature had negative impact while relative humidity had positive impact on development of disease. Regarding casing materials coco peat provided least disease incidence of 1.3 per cent and maximum yield was obtained in formalin treated coco peat + FYM (1.44kg), while sand resulted in minimum yield (0.30kg) of sporophore under in-vivo conditions.

Keywords

Wet Bubble, Weather Parameters, Casing Materials, Disease Incidence, Yield.

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